An inscription at the side door records the name of the church's builder, Lamberto, and the date, October 5, 1507. The dedication to Saints Rocco and Sebastiano, protectors against plagues, was common during times of epidemics, as a gesture of thanks for the end of a disease, and generally belongs to the tradition of hospital churches. The building was erected by the Confraternity of the Misericordia, which cared for the sick in Castel Bolognese since the founding of the town.
The church displays archaic forms, influenced by Romanesque-Ravenna aesthetics, possibly due to 19th and early 20th-century restoration interventions. The interior has a single nave covered with sail vaults and houses three altars.
In the presbytery is preserved a large fragment of the 16th-century fresco Madonna with Child on the Throne and Four Saints from 1532, attributed to Girolamo da Treviso the Younger. Around the church lies the Parco delle Rimembranze, created in 1924 in honor of the fallen of the Great War, a small pine grove enclosed by a wrought iron fence crafted by the Faenza master Luigi Matteucci.
